Clinical Studies
p. 245, PDR for herbal medicines. 2nd ed. Montvale, N.J.: Medical Economics Co.2000. ISSN 1099-9566
p. 141. Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub., 2000.
Alba-Roth J, Müller O, Schopohl J, von Werder K (1988). "Arginine stimulates growth hormone secretion by suppressing endogenous somatostatin secretion". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67 (6): 1186-9.
Amblard F, Delinsky D, Arbiser JL, Schinazi RF. Facile purification of honokiol and its antiviral and cytotoxic properties. J Med Chem. 2006 Jun 1;49(11):3426-7.
Balestreri R, Fontana L, Astengo F. A double-blind placebo controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular senile cerebral dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987;35:425–430.
Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, Prabhu VV, Allard JS, Lopez-Lluch G, Lewis K, Pistell PJ, Poosala S, Becker KG, Boss O, Gwinn D, Wang M, Ramaswamy S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Lakatta EG, Le Couteur D, Shaw RJ, Navas P, Puigserver P, Ingram DK, de Cabo R, Sinclair DA. "Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet" Nature 2006 advanced publication
Bereczki D, Fekete I. A systematic review of vinpocetine therapy in acute ischaemic stroke. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;55:349–352.
Birdsall TC (1998). "5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor". Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic 3 (4): 271-80.
Blaha L, Erzigkeit H, Adamczyk A, et al. Clinical evidence of the effectiveness of vinpocetine in the treatment of organic psychosyndrome. Hum Psychopharmacol.1989;4:103–111. Cited by: Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6:31–43.
Bode A. Ginger is an effective inhibitor of HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma in vivo. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Conference, Phoenix Arizona, October 26-30, 2003.
Bouchard S, Bousquet C, Roberge AG. Characteristics of dihydroxyphenylalanine/5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity in brain and liver of cat. J Neurochem. 1981 Sep;37(3):781-7.
Bouchard S, Roberge AG (1979). "Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of dihydroxyphenylalanine--5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase in brain, liver, and adrenals of cat". Can. J. Biochem. 57 (7): 1014-8.
Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Insulin-like biological activity of culinary and medicinal plant extracts in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Mar;48(3):849-52.
Butterweck V (2003). "Mechanism of action of St John's wort in depression : what is known?". CNS Drugs 17 (8): 539–62. PMID 12775192.
Cell, Vol 127, 1109–1122, 15 December 2006; Resveratrol Improves Mitochondrial Function and Protects against Metabolic Disease by Activating SIRT1 and PGC-1α
Chun Hu and David D. Kitts. Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. October 2004. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside from dandelion flower suppress iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. Springer Netherlands. 245:1-2(107-113).
Dean MD, W., Morgenthaler, J. Smart Drugs and Nutrients: How to Improve Your Memory and Increase Your Intelligence Using the Latest Discoveries in Neuroscience. California: B&J Publications, 1991.
Deijen JB, Orlebeke JF (1994). "Effect of tyrosine on cognitive function and blood pressure under stress". Brain Res. Bull. 33 (3): 319–23.
Deijen JB, Wientjes CJ, Vullinghs HF, Cloin PA, Langefeld JJ (1999). "Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course". Brain Res. Bull. 48 (2): 203–9.
Dragland S, Senoo H, Wake K, Holte K, Blomhoff R. Several culinary and medicinal herbs are important sources of dietary antioxidants. J Nutr.2003 May;133(5):1286-90.
Esumi T, Makado G, Zhai H, Shimizu Y, Mitsumoto Y, Fukuyama Y. Efficient synthesis and structure-activity relationship of honokiol, a neurotrophic biphenyl-type neolignan. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 May 17;14(10):2621-5.
Fegert JM, Kölch M, Zito JM, Glaeske G, Janhsen K (2006). "Antidepressant use in children and adolescents in Germany". J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16 (1-2): 197–206. doi:10.1089/cap.2006.16.197. PMID 16553540.
Feigin VL, Doronin BM, Popova TF, et al. Vinpocetine treatment in acute ischaemic stroke: a pilot single-blind randomized clinical trial. Eur J Neurol. 2001;8:81–85.
Fenzl E, Apecechea M, Schaltenbrand R, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine administered intravenously, in addition of standard therapy, to patients suffering from an apoplectic insult. In: Krieglstein J, ed. Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia.New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1986:430–434.
Fisher-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, et al. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1990:38:19-24.
Fukuyama Y, Nakade K, Minoshima Y, Yokoyama R, Zhai H, Mitsumoto Y. Neurotrophic activity of honokiol on the cultures of fetal rat cortical neurons. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2002 Apr 22;12(8):1163-6
G.J.P.L. Kops, T.B. Dansen, P.E. Polderman, I. Saarloos, K.W.A. Wirtz, P.J. Coffer, T.-T. Huang, J.L. Bos, R.H. Medema, B.M.T. Burgering, Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a protects quiescent cells from oxidative stress, Nature 419 (2002) 316–321.
Hadjiev, D., Yancheva, S. "Rheoencephalographic and Psychologic Studies with Ethyl Apovincaminate in Cerebral Vascular Insufficiency." Arzneimittelforschung. 1976, Vol. 26, pp. 1947-50.
Hao S, Avraham Y, Bonne O, Berry EM (2001). "Separation-induced body weight loss, impairment in alternation behavior, and autonomic tone: effects of tyrosine". Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 68 (2): 273–81.
Harrer G, Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Biller A (1999). "Comparison of equivalence between the St. John's wort extract LoHyp-57 and fluoxetine". Arzneimittelforschung 49 (4): 289–96. PMID 10337446.
Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6:31–43.
Hitzenberger G, Sommer W, Grandt R. Influence of vinpocetine on warfarin-induced inhibition of coagulation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1990;28:323–328.
Holzl J, Godau P. (1989). "Receptor binding studies with Valeriana officinalis on the benzodiazepine receptor.". Planta Medica 55.
Howitz KT, Bitterman KJ, Cohen HY, Lamming DW, Lavu S, Wood JG, Zipkin RE, Chung P, Kisielewski A, Zhang LL, Scherer B, Sinclair DA. "Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan". Nature. 2003 Sep 11;425(6954):191-6. Epub 2003 Aug 24.
Hu H, Zhang XX, Wang YY, Chen SZ. Honokiol inhibits arterial thrombosis through endothelial cell protection and stimulation of prostacyclin. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005 Sep;26(9):1063-8.
Hu, P. Cao, E. Thiels, C.T. Chu, G.Y. Wu, T.D. Oury, E. Klann, Hippocampal long-term potentiation, memory, and longevity in mice that overexpress mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 87 (2007) 372–384.
Hung LM, Chen JK, Huang SS, Lee RS, Su MJ (2000). "Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, a natural antioxidant derived from grapes". Cardiovasc. Res. 47 (3): 549-55.
Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group (2002). "Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St John'swort) in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial". JAMA 287 (14): 1807–14. PMID 11939866.
Ippoushi K, Azuma K, Ito H, Horie H, Higashio H. [6]-Gingerol inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in activated J774.1 mouse macropages and prevents peroxy-nitrate induced oxidation and nitration reactions. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 14;73(26):3427-37.
Jagetia GC, Baliga MS, Venkatesh P, Ulloor JN. Influence of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc) on survival, glutathione and lipid peroxidation in mice after whole-body exposure to gamma radiation. Radiat Res. 2003 Nov;160(5):584-92.
Kim HL, Streltzer J, Goebert D (1999). "St. John's wort for depression: a meta-analysis of well-defined clinical trials". J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 187 (9): 532–8. PMID 10496508.
Kiss B, Karpati E. Mechanism of action of vinpocetine [in Hungarian; English abstract]. Acta Pharm Hung. 1996;66:213–214.
Kiuchi F, et al. Inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis by gingerols diayrlheptanoids. Chem Pharm Bull.1992;40:387-91.
Laakmann G, Schüle C, Baghai T, Kieser M (1998). "St. John's wort in mild to moderate depression: the relevance of hyperforin for the clinical efficacy". Pharmacopsychiatry 31 Suppl 1: 54–9. PMID 9684948.
Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart-Hines Z, et al (2006). "Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha". Cell 127 (6): 1109-22.
Lecrubier Y, Clerc G, Didi R, Kieser M (2002). "Efficacy of St. John's wort extract WS 5570 in major depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Am J Psychiatry 159 (8): 1361–6. PMID 12153829.
Leuner K, Kazanski V, Müller M, Essin K, Henke B, Gollasch M, Harteneck C, Müller WE (2007). "Hyperforin--a key constituent of St. John's wort specifically activates TRPC6 channels". FASEB J. 21 (14): 4101–11. doi:10.1096/fj.07-8110com. PMID 17666455.
Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, Pauls A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D (1996). "St John's wort for depression--an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials". BMJ 313(7052): 253–8. PMID 8704532.
Linde K, Mulrow CD, Berner M, Egger M (2005). "St John's wort for depression". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD000448. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000448.pub2. PMID 15846605.
Lohmann A, Dingler E, Sommer W, et al. Bioavailability of vinpocetine and interference of the time of application with food intake. Arzneimittelforschung. 1992;42:914–917.
Manconi E, Binaghi F, Pitzus F. A double-blind clinical trial of vinpocetine in the treatment of cerebral insufficiency of vascular and degenrative origin. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1986;30:702–709. Cited by: Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6:31–43.
Mahoney CR, Castellani J, Kramer FM, Young A, Lieberman HR (2007). "Tyrosine supplementation mitigates working memory decrements during cold exposure". Physiology and Behavior IN PRESS.
Mars, Brigitte. Dandelion Medicine : Remedies and Recipes to Detoxify, Nourish, Stimulate. Pownal, VT Storey Publishing, 1999.
Mennini T, Bernasconi P, et al. (1993). "In vitro study in the interaction of extracts and pure compounds from Valerian officinalis roots with GABA, benzodiazepine and barbiturate receptors". Fitoterapia 64: 291-300.
Miyazaki M. The effect of a cerebral vasodilator, vinpocetine, on cerebral vascular resistance evaluated by the Doppler ultrasonic technique in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Angiology. 1995;46:53–58.
Müller WE (2003). "Current St John's wort research from mode of action to clinical efficacy". Pharmacol. Res. 47 (2): 101–9. PMID 12543057.
Nahrstedt A, Butterweck V (1997). "Biologically active and other chemical constituents of the herb of Hypericum perforatum L". Pharmacopsychiatry 30 Suppl 2: 129–34. PMID 9342774.
Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. "Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry" 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York, 2000.
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2007 V. 61, No. 5, "SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea and the Treatment of Depression" by V.Darbinyan, G.Aslanyan, E.Amroyan, E.Gabrielyan , C.Malmstro, A.Panossian, The PBM Clinic, Institute of Health Competence, Stockholm-Globen, Sweden
Olson ER, Naugle JE, Zhang X, Bomser JA, Meszaros JG. Inhibition of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation by resveratrol. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005 Mar;288(3):H1131-8.
Otomo, E., Atarashi, J., Araki, G., Ito, E., Omae, T., Kuzuya, F., Nukada, T., Ebi, O. "Comparison of Vinpocetine with Ifenprodil Tartrate and Dihydroergotoxine Mesylate Treatment and Results of Long-Term Treatment with Vinpocetine." Current Therapeutic Research. 1985, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 811-21.
Parker JA, Arango M, Abderrahmane S, Lambert E, Tourette C, Catoire H, Néri C. Resveratrol rescues mutant polyglutamine cytotoxicity in C. elegans and mammalian neurons. Nature Genetics 2005 ; 4 : 349-50.
Peruzza M, DeJacobis M. A double-blind placebo controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular or degenerative senile cerebral dysfunction. Adv Ther. 1986;3:201–209. Cited by: Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6:31–43.
Philipp M, Kohnen R, Hiller KO (1999). "Hypericum extract versus imipramine or placebo in patients with moderate depression: randomised multicentre study of treatment for eight weeks". BMJ 319 (7224): 1534–8. PMID 10591711.
Radhamani, TR, Sudarshana, L., and Krishnan, R. 1995. Defence and carnivory: dual roles of bracts in Passiflora foetida. Journal of Biosciences 20: 657-664.
Philippe Marambaud et al., Resveratrol promotes clearance of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005 ; 280(45):37377-82
Rahman MK, Nagatsu T, Sakurai T, Hori S, Abe M, Matsuda M (1982). "Effect of pyridoxal phosphate deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity with L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan as substrates in rats". Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 32 (5): 803-11.
Randløv C, Mehlsen J, Thomsen CF, Hedman C, von Fircks H, Winther K (2006). "The efficacy of St. John's Wort in patients with minor depressive symptoms or dysthymia--a double-blind placebo-controlled study". Phytomedicine 13 (4): 215–21. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2005.11.006. PMID 16423519.
Rasmussen DD, Ishizuka B, Quigley ME, Yen SS (1983). "Effects of tyrosine and tryptophan ingestion on plasma catecholamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57 (4): 760–3.
Sareen D, van Ginkel PR, Takach JC, Mohiuddin A, Darjatmoko SR, Albert DM, Polans AS (September 2006). "Mitochondria as the primary target of resveratrol-induced apoptosis in human retinoblastoma cells". Investigative Ophthamology & Visual Science 47 (9).
Schrader E (2000). "Equivalence of St John's wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression". Int Clin Psychopharmacol 15 (2): 61–8. PMID 10759336.
Shimizu Y, Saitoh K, Nakayama M, et al. Agranulocytosis induced by vinpocetine.
Srivasta KC, Mustafa T. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rheumatism and musculoskeletal disorders. Med Hypothesis. 1989;29:25-8.
Srivasta KC, Mustafa T. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rheumatism and musculoskeletal disorders. Med Hypothesis. 1992;39:342-8.
Steiber A, Kerner J, Hoppel C (2004). "Carnitine: a nutritional, biosynthetic, and functional perspective". Mol. Aspects Med. 25 (5-6): 455-73.
Subhan, Z., Hindmarch, I. "Psychopharmacological Effects of Vinpocetine in Normal Healthy Volunteers." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1985, Vol. 28, pp. 567-71.
Szegedi A, Kohnen R, Dienel A, Kieser M (2005). "Acute treatment of moderate to severe depression with hypericum extract WS 5570 (St John's wort): randomised controlled double blind non-inferiority trial versus paroxetine". BMJ 330 (7490): 503. doi:10.1136/bmj.38356.655266.82. PMID 15708844.
Takeya, Tetsuya; Okubo, Toru; Tobinaga, Seisho. Showa Coll. Pharm. Sci., Tokyo, Japan. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1986), 34(5), 2066-70.
Thomas JR, Lockwood PA, Singh A, Deuster PA (1999). "Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment". Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 64 (3): 495–500.
Valenzano DR, Terzibasi E, Genade T, Cattaneo A, Domenici L, Cellerino A "Resveratrol Prolongs Lifespan and Retards the Onset of Age-Related Markers in a Short-Lived Vertebrate." Current Biology 2006 Feb 7;16 (3):296–300
Wigler I, Grotto I, Caspi D, Yaron M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Oseoarthritis Cartilage. 2003 Nov;11(11):783-9.
Woelk H (2000). "Comparison of St John's wort and imipramine for treating depression: randomised controlled trial". BMJ 321 (7260): 536–9. PMID 10968813.
Wood JG, Rogina B, Lavu1 S, Howitz K, Helfand SL, Tatar M, Sinclair D. "Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans". Nature. 2004 Aug 5; 430(7000):686–689. Epub 2004 Jul 14.